Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC), Kamra - - World's 3rd Largest Assembly Plant: The Backbone of Aviation Engineering in Pakistan

The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (commonly abbreviated PAC) is a facility used to service, assemble and manufacture aircraft for the military of Pakistan. Located at Kamra, located in Attock District in the mountainous north of the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the world's third largest assembly plant.

Presently, the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Kamra comprises of four factories which are spread over an area of 10 square kilometers. The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, in short PAC, started with three main Ministry of Defence projects designated P-721, P-741 and P-751. The first two digits show the year of project approval and launch, the third digit is a serial designator. PAC has become a center of excellence in aviation engineering based on more than 30 years of experience in Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) of fighter aircraft, their components and engines.

In the year 1972, PAC started with the MRO of F-6 aircraft of Chinese origin and subsequently progressed towards MRO of Mirage III & V aircraft and ATAR 09C engines, F100-220E engines modules of F-16 aircraft, J-69 engines of T-37 aircraft, T-56 engines of C-130 aircraft and avionics upgrades of fighters aircrafts of Pakistan Air Force.

F-6 Rebuild Factory:


F-6 Rebuild Factory (F-6RF), formerly known as P-721, is primarily dedicated to the overhaul and parts manufacture of Chinese aircraft in service with the Pakistan Air force (PAF). The factory is capable of overhauling and parts manufacturing for the Shenyang F-6 (now retired by the PAF), Nanchang A-5 and F-7 combat aircraft, as well as the Shenyang FT-5 and FT-6 jet trainer aircraft.

Mirage Rebuild Factory:


The Mirage Rebuild Factory (MRF), formerly known as P-741, is dedicated to the overhaul of French origin military aircraft in service with the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), the Dassault Mirage III and Mirage V combat aircraft. Overhaul and manufacturing services were utilized by other countries with French Mirage aircraft in service. This factory also grew to service and overhaul the Pratt & Whitney F100 turbofan engines belonging to the F-16 Fighting Falcon combat aircraft of the PAF.

Aircraft Manufacturing Factory:


Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (AMF), formerly known as P-751, is dedicated to heavy military aircraft manufacturing. The MFI-17 Mushshak basic trainer aircraft built under license for use by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) and Pakistan Army aviation wing. This factory project managed the aircraft modification and development venture that resulted in the MFI-395 Super Mushshak basic trainer, based on the MFI-17 Mushshak. Development of the K-8 Karakorum (also known as Hongdu JL-8) intermediate/advanced jet trainer was done in cooperation with Hongdu Aviation Industry Group of China, with AMF manufacturing parts for the aircraft. The JF-17 multi-role combat aircraft (also known as FC-1), a joint project between China and Pakistan, is now being manufactured by AMF. The MFI-17, MFI-395, K-8 and JF-17 are now in service with the (PAF). AMF also designs and manufactures unmanned aerial vehicles for uses such as target practice.


Manufacture of sub-assemblies for the JF-17 light-weight multi-role fighter began on 22 January 2008, while serial production of the fighter began on 30 June 2009.


On August 20, 2009 the PAF announced that it would begin production of its own unmanned aerial vehicles in collaboration with Italian company Selex Galileo. Production of the UAV, named Falco, was to begin soon.

Kamra Avionics and Radar Factory (KARF):

The Radar Maintenance Centre (RMC), was established in 1983 to overhaul and rebuild ground-based radar systems. In 1989, RMC was expanded to become Kamra Radar & Avionics Factory (KARF). KARF has the facilities to assemble and overhaul airborne as well as ground-based radar systems, electronics and avionics. Currently the only ISO 9002 certified facility among PAC, the factory was involved in upgrading the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Chengdu F-7P interceptor fleet by replacing the original Italian built FIAR Grifo-7 radar with the more capable FIAR Grifo-7 mk-II radar, which was assembled under licence by KARF. More recently, radar production involved the license assembly of the latest upgrade variant of the FIAR Grifo-7, the Grifo-7MG radar, which arms the Chengdu F-7PG combat aircraft of the PAF. In mid 2009 it was reported that KARF personnel had completed training on printed circuit board assembly machines supplied by U.S. company APS Novastar, which would be used to make circuit boards for combat aircraft avionics.

As PAC’s capabilities become competitive in the region, commercial ventures from national and international companies are also being undertaken.

"Benazir Bhutto" Daughter of The East - - Martyr of Democracy: Who Lived for Democracy and Died for Democracy

Benazir Bhutto, the eldest child of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, was born on June 21, 1953, at Karachi. She attended Lady Jennings Nursery School and then Convent of Jesus and Mary in Karachi. After two years of schooling at the Rawalpindi Presentation Convent, she was sent to the Jesus and Mary Convent at Murree. She passed her O-level examination at the age of 15. In April 1969, she got admission in the U. S. at Harvard University's Radcliffe College. In June 1973, Benazir graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Political Science. After graduating from Harvard, Benazir joined Oxford University in the fall of 1973. Just before graduation, Benazir was elected to the Standing Committee of the most prestigious Oxford Union Debating Society.

In 1976, she graduated in P. P. E. (Politics, Philosophy and Economics). In the autumn of 1976, Benazir returned once again to Oxford to do a one-year postgraduate course. In January 1977, she was elected the President of the Oxford Union. Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan in June 1977. She wanted to join the Foreign Service but her father wanted her to contest the Assembly election. As she was not yet of age, Benazir Bhutto assisted her father as an advisor.

In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq imposed Martial Law. During the Martial Law, Benazir was allowed to proceed abroad on medical grounds in January 1984, after spending nearly six and a half years in jail. She went into exile in England for two years.

In July 1984, her younger brother Shah Nawaz died under mysterious circumstances in Paris. She came back to Pakistan to attend his burial ceremony. A year later she came back to Pakistan to fight the elections for National and Provincial Assemblies held by General Zia-ul-Haq. When she returned on April 10, 1986, one million people welcomed her at the Lahore airport. She attended mammoth rallies all over Pakistan and kept in close touch with the Movement for Restoration of Democracy. On December 18, 1987, Benazir married Asif Ali Zardari in Karachi. She contested the elections, which were held by Ghulam Ishaq Khan, who had taken over as acting President after the death of General Zia in an air crash on August 17, 1988, at Bhawalpur.

Benazir Bhutto approached the Supreme Court of Pakistan, seeking enforcement of the fundamental rights guaranteed to the political parties under Article 17(2) of the 1973 Constitution, to hold the elections on Party basis. The Supreme Court gave its verdict in favor of the political parties. The P. P. P., without forming an alliance with any party, won 94 out of 207 seats in the National Assembly. With the cooperation of eight M. Q. M. members and 13 members of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, the P. P. P. was able to get a clear majority in the National Assemblies. Benazir Bhutto was nominated as the Prime Minister on December 2, 1988, and Ghulam Ishaq Khan was nominated the President of Pakistan.

At the age of 35, she was the youngest and the first woman Prime Minister to lead a Muslim nation in modern age. During her first term, she started Peoples Program for economic uplift of the masses. Benazir Bhutto also lifted a ban on student and trade unions. The P. P. P. Government hosted the fourth S. A. A. R. C. Summit held in Islamabad, in December 1988.

On various issues, differences between her Government and the Establishment led to her dismissal by the President Ghulam Ishaq Khan, on August 6, 1990.

Benazir returned to power, by winning the October 1993 elections. In 1996 President Leghari of Pakistan dismissed Benazir Bhutto from office, alleging mismanagement, and dissolved the National Assembly. A Bhutto re-election bid failed in 1997, and the next elected government, headed by the more conservative Nawaz Sharif, was overthrown by the military. Bhutto's husband was imprisoned, and once again, she was forced to leave her homeland. For nine years, she and her children lived in exile in London, where she continued to advocate the restoration of democracy in Pakistan. In the autumn of 2007, in the face of death threats from radical Islamists, and the hostility of the government, she returned to her native country.

Although she was greeted by enthusiastic crowds, within hours of her arrival, her motorcade was attacked by a suicide bomber. She survived this first assassination attempt, although more than 100 bystanders died in the attack. With national elections scheduled for January 2008, her Pakistan People's Party was poised for a victory that would make Bhutto prime minister once again. Only a few weeks before the election, the extremists struck again. After a campaign rally in Rawalpindi, a gunman fired at her car before detonating a bomb, killing himself and more than 20 bystanders. Bhutto was rushed to the hospital, but soon succumbed to injuries suffered in the attack. In the wake of her death, rioting erupted throughout the country. The loss of the country's most popular democratic leader has plunged Pakistan into turmoil, intensifying the dangerous instability of a nuclear-armed nation in a highly volatile region.

Her publications include "Daughter of the East" and "Foreign Policy Perspective".

"Alam Lohar": Legendary Punjabi Folk Singer - - Famous for His Singing Style 'Jugni' With Amazing Instument 'Chimta'

Biography and Professional Career:

Muhammad Alam Lohar popularly known as only 'Alam Lohar' was a prominent Punjabi folk music singer of Pakistan. He is also the inventor of term and song Jugni.

Alam Lohar was born in the small village of Aach Goach in Gujrat District, in Punjab, into a family of blacksmiths. He was gifted with a melodious voice and began singing as a child.

In his childhood he used to read sufiana kalaams, Punjabi stories and participate as a young child in local elderly gatherings expressing a vocal only art form in reading passages of great poets. From many of the gatherings out of the rural background rose a great singer that could influence his audience with elements of joy peace, happiness and sadness. Further on: he started going to festivals and gatherings on a regular basis and within these performances he rose to become one of the most listened to singers in South Asia. In the 1970s it was the Queen's Jubilee event in the UK and there was a singing competition between all Commonwealth Countries and after all performances: Alam Lohar won the award as the best performance and was handed a gold medal for his unique and God given voice.

Throughout the period of 1930's and until his passing away in 1979 he has dominated Folk singing in Pakistan and been a major singer in Punjabi and Sufi singing throughout the entire World. In many rural villages the local traditional people have called him 'Sher-e-Punjab' or 'Heerah' meaning diamond.

Singing Style:

Alam Lohar developed a new style of singing the Punjabi Vaar, an epic or folk tale. He is famous for his rendition of Waris Shah’s Heer, which he has memorized in 36 styles and forms. He recorded his first album at the age of 13 and has outsold all other singers in Pakistan (Verified in records kept with HMV Pakistan 1979)



Alongside his God given voice and singing in difficult high and low pitches he had a unique style of singing with his Chimta. Now the Chimta has been around for centuries as it was a tool used in gathering livestock in rural settings or used as a aid in other activities, but Alam Lohar has the unique credit that he single handedly popularised this instrument globally and modified its use and changed its outlook.

Alam Lohar had another quality that he had overwhelming singing stamina - he was renowned to sing all night and sometimes without the music technology we have with PA systems now-nevertheless his strong voice could be heard in large gatherings. In rural punjab he used to sing from village to village and without any modern music technology: his voice reflected with the background of the natural echo caused by the stillness of the night.

His Poetic Efforts:

Other than being a famous singer, Alam lohar was also a great poet writing his own songs and kalaams and also had another quality that he used old books of Sufi saints and stories and brought them in a song format, which gave his songs overwhelming great lyrical content which could make people cry and express joy at the same time.

In essence, later on Alam Lohar organised a full-fledged theatre with a complete orchestra. His troupe toured all over Punjab for religious and seasonal festivals and was one of the first South Asian singers to sing internationally in almost all countries that had people from the South Asian region.

Death of a Legend:

Alam Lohar died in an accident near 'Sham ki Bhaitiyan' on July 3, 1979. He was laid to rest in Lala Musa. He was given the Pride of Performance award in 1979 by General Zia Ul Haq in Islamabad and has received numerous awards within his lifetime. He is a pioneer in cultural and Folk styled singing and has in his own right become a folk story. He set a bench mark and many Punjabi and other folk singers have greatly been influenced. Therefore he has left a great legacy of a unique style of singing which is still followed in Pakistan and India by Punjabi singers.

Arif Lohar: Singing to Keep Alive Father's Traditions:



One of the greatest singers of all time; he is seen and remembered through his son Arif Lohar. In 2005, Arif Lohar was awarded Pride of Performance Award from Government of Pakistan . He started singing to give probe to the folk singing of Punjab, and to keep the tradition of his father alive.

I'll try to write something about the Arif Lohar in future; let's enjoy Alam Lohar's famous song "udeekaan sajjnaan diyaan":

Youngest Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) at The Time of Certification - - Arfa Karim Randhawa: Set High Standards in IT Field ((Must See Video)

Arfa Karim Randhawa (born 1996), a girl from the city of Faisalabad in Pakistan, who in 2006 at the age of 9 years and 7 months, became one of the youngest Microsoft Certified Professionals (MCPs) in the world. She held that record for about four months until it was broken by the Babar Iqbal at the age of 9 years and 27 days. The same year, she was invited to visit the Microsoft headquarters in Washington and to meet with Bill Gates, CEO and Chief Software Architect of the corporation.

After being introduced to computers at the age of 6, Arfa prepared for her actual cerification examinations during her four month summer break from school. She holds an MPC in Windows Programming using the C# programming language.

After first discovering computers at the age of five Randhawa pestered her father for a PC. She has been accepted into Pakistan's Applied Technologies advanced computer institute.

Randhawa is now a Microsoft Certified Application Developer but plans to become a Microsoft Certified Solution Developer, which involves building programs into broader systems for business.

Arfa Karim also met Somasegar, the Vice president of Microsoft Inc. and to him, Arfa described about self-navigating car then after a careful intention to Arfa Karim's Ideas, Somasegar told Arfa Karim about existing applications for cars developed by Microsoft. She is so young to be an employee in Microsoft but Vice president of Microsoft told her about the possibility of an internship for her in next few years.

Being a Software programmer, Arfa Karim has developed many basic Windows applications using C# programming language such as calculator, sorting tools etc. Arfa Karim told them to study at Harvard University or MIT and then work for Microsoft.

Arfa Karim went in U.S.A. with her father Mr. Karim while her mother and two brothers (3 years and 7 years old) were at home.

Mir Khalil-ur-Rehman Foundation gave her Shabash Award for her achievement at this age. She also received Fatima Jinnah Gold Medal, Salaam Pakistan Youth Award and President's Award for Pride. Arfa Karim is Now a brand ambassador of PTCL EVO (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited).

UPDATES (January 14, 2012)

RIP: IT Genious Arfa Karim Lost the Battle for Life

إِنَّا لِلّهِ وَإِنَّـا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعونَ   

She was an asset for Pakistan and pride for the nation. Big loss for her parents, family and the the whole Pakistanis.

Read More ... RIP: IT Genious Arfa Karim Lost the Battle for Life

World Record Holder Pakistanis - - Haji Mohammad Alam Channa: The Tallest Man on Earth of His Time With an Amazing Height of 7-Feet and 8-Inches

Haji Mohammad Alam Channa (born in 1953) of Bachal Channa, Sehwan Sharif, Pakistan stood 233.6 cm 7 ft 8 in. When he was 10 years old his abnormal growth was noted by his family and it continued until he reached the age of 26 years. In 1989 he married Naseem and worked at the shrine of the great mystic Saint Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar at Sehwan.

BBC correspondent Alastair Lawson wrote; when he reported the death of Mr. Alam Channa that Mr Channa was treated as a novelty throughout his adult life in Pakistan.

"Everywhere he went in his home province of Sindh, he was followed by huge crowds," he said. 

"Although he sometimes enjoyed the public interest, Mr Channa was occasionally irritated at being constantly treated as a curiosity.

"He complained that his celebrity status made it impossible for him to go anywhere in public without being pursued by large throngs of people."

His height also attracted the attention of the provincial government, which paid for him to have a specially-adapted car because Mr Channa found it too difficult to travel on public transport. 

Mr Channa, who suffered from diabetes and high blood pressure, was often in ill health. In March 1998 he received financial help to go to America for treatment for numerous ailments, including kidney failure. But he fell into a coma in New York in June, and died in hospital before doctors were able to operate on him.

He was survived by his wife Naseem, whom he married in 1989, and had a son.